The Paired Learner Model for Paramedic Practicum A Two-Year Mixed Methods Implementation Study in a Canadian Paramedic Program

Abstract

Introduction: To address training constraints related to the need to train more paramedics and concurrent limited placement opportunities, as well as enhance learning, the Paired Learner Model (PLM), informed by social and constructivist learning theories, pairs two students with two preceptors in a single ambulance. The PLM maintains a 1:1 preceptor–student ratio. Throughout the practicum an ambulance placement will have two students and two preceptors who complete the practicum together.

Methods: A two-year (2023–2024) quasi-experimental, convergent parallel mixed-methods design compared the PLM with traditional practicum. Data forms were integrated through “narrative weaving” to evaluate learning outcomes, operational feasibility, and participant perceptions.

Results: The study included 33 participants: 12 PLM students, 9 single learners, 10 preceptors, and 2 program coordinators. All groups reported high preparedness for practice and positive overall practicum experiences. Preceptors unanimously reported that students were safe to practice and competent to care for a loved one. Student experiences aligned with social and constructivist learning theories. Preceptors noted reduced workload and increased capacity for student placements. Post-practicum, 9/10 preceptors thought the PLM should continue. No safety issues were reported.

Conclusion: The PLM is a feasible, educationally sound, effective, and acceptable alternative to the traditional practicum model. Interpersonal dynamics challenges can be addressed through planning and preparation. Findings support continued implementation and further multi-institutional research, with a larger sample size beyond the present single-site study, to explore long-term outcomes and refine best practices.